Type of examination

Bismillah..

Examination yang dentist selalu buat ada dua.
1.Extraoral (luar mulut) examination
2. Intraoral (dalam mulut) examination

Tapi untuk post kali ini aku nak bincang tentang extraoral examination. Jom kita discover apa yang dentist buat.:)

Extraoral examination terbahagi kepada 4
a. General examination
b. The head and neck
c. Facial examination
d. Speech assessement

a) General examination

Dentist nak tahu child's overall health, development or even habits can often be determined by noting.
-height: kena buat standard growth chart
-weight: ada eating disorder tak/ adakah GA tak berkesan sebab child's obesity/ ada endocrine problem x?
-skin: ada injury x
-Hands

b) The head and neck
-head: note size, shape, facial symmetry
-hair: sparse, quality, quantity
-eyes: ada visual impairment @ abnormality pd sclera x
-ears:
-skin
-muscle of mastication
-Lymph nodes
-Lips

c)Facial examination
-buat ni selalunya as part of orthodontic evaluation
-do the evaluation in three spatial planes: anteroposterior, vertical and transverse

Antero-poterior termasuklah
* description of overall facial pattern
*position of mandible and maxilla
*vertical facial relationship

*position of lips( competent/incompetent)
*facial symmetry and maxillary dental midline is located relative to the facial midline.

Facial profile can be examined by drawing
-Line connecting: Midpoint between eyebrows + base of the nose + lowest point of chin

Facial profile classify into:

*straight profile: in patient with class I occlusion.
*convex profile with retronagthic mandible / protracted maxilla with class II malocclusion
*concave profile: retronagthic maxilla/ protracted mandible with class III malocclusion.

Vertical relation

should be evaluated for the steepness of mandibular angle ( angle between Frankfort and mandibular plane)

a large mandibular angle  indicates- long lower face height ( open anterior bite )

a small angle: short lower face height (deep anterior bite )

Transverse relation

-presence of cross-bite and evident as a deviation in the mandible in some cases

d) Assessment of speech

-assess the ability to talk and pronounce letters properly, no marked lips

-esp pt with: cleft, down syndrome, mentally retarded and deaf patient