Intraoral examination

Bismillah..

Baru2 ini aku ada post berkaitan dengan  extraoral examination.

Kali ini kita bincang pasal intraoral examination pula..:)

Ada step yang nak kena follow:
mneumonic yg aku buat :SOTO/SOGTO (sebab skg ni tgh raya kan..asyik fikir makan aje la..hehe)

S: Soft tissue
G: gingiva
T: teeth
O: occlusion

Soft tissue

abnormal appearance pada soft tissue ni boleh indicate systemic disease or nutritional deficiency.

mungkin ada juga oral pathology, jadi sgt penting untuk examine palate, throat, cheeks, noting any colour changes, ulceration,swelling
kena check juga kat frenal attachment or tongue tie yg boleh mengganggu speech, chewing and eating.

kena tahu juga impression of salivary flow rate and consistency.

Gingival and periodontal tissue

periodontal disease jarang berlaku kat budak2.

kena take note kalau ada colour changes ke, swelling ke, ulceration ke, spontaneous bleeding ke, atau recession.

kalau ada gingival inflammation in the absence of gross plaque deposits, lateral periodontal abscess, prematurely exfoliating teeth @ mobile permanent teeth- indicate a more serious underlying problem.

during inspection, assessment of cleanliness kena buat, and kena take note presence of any plaque or calculus.

Indices- to provide an objective record of oral cleanliness.

contoh: the oral debris index ( Green and Vermillion index 1964)
perlukan disclosing agent prior to an evaluation of the amount of plaque on selected teeth (1st permanent molar, upper right and lower left central incisor.

scale

0: no debris or stain present

1: soft debris covering not more than 1/3 of tooth surface being examined or the presence of extrinsic stains without debris regardless of surface area covered

2: soft debris covering more than 1/3 but not more than 2/3

3: soft debris covering more than 2/3 of exposed tooth surface.

contoh lain: Gingival Index ( Loe 1967): created untuk assessment of gingival condition and records changes in the gingiva . It scores the marginal and interproximal tissues separately on basis of 0-3

0: normal gingiva
1: mild inflammation: slight change in colour and slight edema but no bleeding on probing.
2: moderate inflammation: redness, edema and glazing, bleeding on probing.
3: severe inflammation: marked redness and edema, ulceration with tendency to spontaneous bleeding.

Specific periodontal probing-   jarang pada young children.kecuali kalau ada specific problem.